Getting symbols for AX from Microsoft symbol server worked for me, when I used it in past. Review if your setup is correct.
As far as I remember, the AOS folder doesn't contain any symbols, so it won't help.
If you mean scripts provided in Finding the AX user and the X++ call stack from a memory dump the easy way, they assume you've completed the setup documented in Setting up WinDbg and Using Symbols, which also uses Microsoft symbol server. You really have to fix the problem you have with the symbol server.